Name : Ayu
Fitriana Widyaningrum (A320090066)
Ayu Fitriana Widyaningsih (A320090067)
Class : B
Discourse Assignment 4
Conversation Analysis
1.
Character and Characterization
From the conversation, it can be
inferred that Ningrum is speaker 1 (O1). She is a type of active and reluctant person,
she uses of an overlapping in her speech, see in 9th, but she
speeches very slowly. She doubt if her partner can helps her. She also thinks
of her speech carefully like the backchannel “mmm”. She uses many of backchannel,
look at 7th, 13 rd, 18th, 27th, and
31st. She uses of uppercase in her utterances, like 13rd, 31st.
She also does the hesitation, such as: 13rd, 16th, 21st,
27th, and 31st.
Then, Ningsih is speaker 2(O2). She
is a type of relax and kind person, she also tolerant person because she
patients to wait her partner’s speech (Ningrum’s slowly speech). She also uses
many of the lengthening to stress her feeling and speech, such as; 4th,
10th, 12nd, 14th, and 24th.
2. Aspect of Conversation
a. Turn taking
is the change of speaker during conversation. The second utterance is a
response to the first Ningrum’s utterance has the form as the question to
Ningsih (see 1st and 2rd). Then, see 3rd “a letter” as Ningrum’s question and see
4th “yeah, a letter” as an
answer of the question. See 5th as the question from ningrum, then 6th
as the response from ningsih. See 7th, 8th, 9th,
10th, 11th, 12nd, 13rd, 14th,
15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th,
……………….until 31th is question and answer of asking and offering help
and command. But see 31th as offering help statement from Ningrum,
and 32nd as the rejection from Ningsih. Then, see 32nd
and 33rd is closing.
There
are also some mistakes in the pronunciation (the phonetic shown in the paper),
such as: first, in the 5th, the word “sitting” should be spoken
“writing”. Second, in the 9th, Ningrum has mistake in the
pronunciation of the word “later”. Third, in the 20th, the word
“thank” should be spoken “thanks”. And the last, in 28th, Ningsih has mistake in the pronunciation
of the word “write”.
b. The uppercase
aims to emphasize utterance intended. It is also used in this dialogue, such
as: PICture (see 13rd),
ARe (see 19th), sTAy (see 31st).
c. The
participants know well the rule of their turn in the conversation because each
speaker takes her floor directly and high involvement style which shown by
overlapping (see 9th) way of taking part in conversation, in this
conversation uses a few of interruption.
d. Backchannels
is vocal indications of attention. The backchannel are as follows: (1) “mmm”
(see 7th) it means Ningrum thinks before asks a helping “would you help me for a minute,
sih?” (2) “mmm” (see 12nd) it means
Ningsih thinks before she asks
a question “what do you want me to do?”
(3) “mmm” (see 13rd) it means Ningrum thinks before she gives a commanding “help me hang up this picture.”
(4) See 18th, “mmm” also means Ningrum thinks to command her
partner. (5) “mmm” (see 27th) it means Ningrum thinks before
she platitudes
to give question “then, what are you
doing now?” (6) “mmm” (see 28th) it means Ningsih thinks
to answer of Ningrum’s
question.
e. Overlapping
(see 9th) which is revealed speaker’s type, that is active or
passive (slow). Ningrum uses of overlapping to show her active in her speech.
f. Insertion Sequence which
a two part sequence that comes between the first and the second parts of
another sequence in conversation. See 12nd contains of answer and
insertion of question “what do you want me to do" as the insertion sequence.
g. Adjacency pair
is a sequence of two utterances by different speakers in conversation. One of
the multiple functions can be combined in one (see 32nd) “have a
nice day with your picture, rum?” In the following excerpt it can be seen that
“okay, have a nice day too” (see 33rd) serves as both a topic
closing and as a declaration of intent to closing conversation.
h. Pauses.
There are many pauses in this speech, e.g. 7th, 8th, 13rd,
16th, 19th, 21st, 27th, 28th,
and 31st.
i.
Lengthening. There are many lengthening
in this dialog, see 1st (sih:: ), 4th (yeah ::: ), 7th
(me:: ), 10th (oh::: ), 12nd (yeah:::, you:: ), 14th
(o::: ), 17th (okay:: ), and 24th (yeah::: ).
j.
There are five non verbal action (non
verbal sound) in their dialog, see the dialog between 4th and 5th
(there is sound of rooster), then the dialog between 15th and 16th
(the walking sound), after that the dialog between 16th and 17th
(the voice of rooster), then the dialog between 20th and 21st
(the sound of hammer stroke) and the dialog between 27th and 28th
(the voice of rooster).
3. Structural of Conversation
The
conversation consists of question and answer. The structural can be explained
as follows:
1. Question
(curiosity)
2. Answer
(response)
3. Question
(surprise)
4. Answer
(response)
5. Question
(curiosity)
6. Answer
(response)
7. Question
(asking help)
8. Question
(response)
9. Response
(reluctant)
10. Response
(offering help)
11. Question
(doubtful)
12. Answer
(confirmation)
Question
(insertion sequence)
13. Answer
(request)
14. Response
(allurement)
15. Response
(acceptance)
16. Response
(command)
17. Response
(acceptance)
18. Command
(request)
19. Response
(acceptance)
20. response
(thankful)
21. question
(opinion)
22. answer
(response)
23. question
(doubtful)
24. answer
(response)
25. answer
(thankful)
26. answer
(response)
27. question
(curiosity)
28. answer
(response)
29. question
(offering help)
30. answer
(rejection)
31. response
(offering help)
32. answer
(thankful)
Closing
(response)
33. Closing
(response)