FINAL DISCOURSE

Name   : Ayu  Fitriana Widyaningrum            (A320090066)

  Ayu Fitriana Widyaningsih               (A320090067)

Class    : B

Discourse Assignment 4

Conversation Analysis

1.  Character and Characterization

            From the conversation, it can be inferred that Ningrum is speaker 1 (O1). She is a type of active and reluctant person, she uses of an overlapping in her speech, see in 9^th, but she speeches very slowly. She doubt if her partner can helps her. She also thinks of her speech carefully like the backchannel “mmm”. She uses many of backchannel, look at 7^th, 13 ^rd, 18^th, 27^th, and 31^st. She uses of uppercase in her utterances, like 13^rd, 31^st. She also does the hesitation, such as: 13^rd, 16^th, 21^st, 27^th, and 31^st.

            Then, Ningsih is speaker 2(O2). She is a type of relax and kind person, she also tolerant person because she patients to wait her partner’s speech (Ningrum’s slowly speech). She also uses many of the lengthening to stress her feeling and speech, such as; 4^th, 10^th, 12^nd, 14^th, and 24^th.

2. Aspect of Conversation

a.       Turn taking is the change of speaker during conversation. The second utterance is a response to the first Ningrum’s utterance has the form as the question to Ningsih (see 1^st and 2^rd). Then, see 3r^d “a letter” as Ningrum’s question and see 4^th “yeah, a letter” as an answer of the question. See 5^th as the question from ningrum, then 6^th as the response from ningsih. See 7^th, 8^th, 9^th, 10^th, 11^th, 12^nd, 13^rd, 14^th, 15^th, 16^th, 17^th, 18^th, 19^th, ……………….until 31^th is question and answer of asking and offering help and command. But see 31^th as offering help statement from Ningrum, and 32^nd as the rejection from Ningsih. Then, see 32^nd and 33^rd is closing.

There are also some mistakes in the pronunciation (the phonetic shown in the paper), such as: first, in the 5^th, the word “sitting” should be spoken “writing”. Second, in the 9^th, Ningrum has mistake in the pronunciation of the word “later”. Third, in the 20^th, the word “thank” should be spoken “thanks”. And the last, in 28^th, Ningsih has mistake in the pronunciation of the word “write”.

b.      The uppercase aims to emphasize utterance intended. It is also used in this dialogue, such as: PICture (see 13^rd), ARe (see 19^th), sTAy (see 31^st).

c.       The participants know well the rule of their turn in the conversation because each speaker takes her floor directly and high involvement style which shown by overlapping (see 9^th) way of taking part in conversation, in this conversation uses a few of interruption.

d.      Backchannels is vocal indications of attention. The backchannel are as follows: (1) “mmm” (see 7^th) it means Ningrum thinks before asks a helping “would you help me for a minute, sih?” (2) “mmm” (see 12^nd) it means Ningsih thinks before she asks a question “what do you want me to do?” (3) “mmm” (see 13^rd) it means Ningrum thinks before she gives a commanding “help me hang up this picture.” (4) See 18^th, “mmm” also means Ningrum thinks to command her partner. (5) “mmm” (see 27^th) it means Ningrum thinks before she platitudes to give question “then, what are you doing now?” (6) “mmm” (see 28^th) it means Ningsih thinks to answer of Ningrum’s question.

e.       Overlapping (see 9^th) which is revealed speaker’s type, that is active or passive (slow). Ningrum uses of overlapping to show her active in her speech.

f.       Insertion Sequence which a two part sequence that comes between the first and the second parts of another sequence in conversation. See 12^nd contains of answer and insertion of question “what do you want me to do" as the insertion sequence.

g.      Adjacency pair is a sequence of two utterances by different speakers in conversation. One of the multiple functions can be combined in one (see 32^nd) “have a nice day with your picture, rum?” In the following excerpt it can be seen that “okay, have a nice day too” (see 33^rd) serves as both a topic closing and as a declaration of intent to closing conversation.

h.      Pauses. There are many pauses in this speech, e.g. 7^th, 8^th, 13^rd, 16^th, 19^th, 21^st, 27^th, 28^th, and 31^st.

i.        Lengthening. There are many lengthening in this dialog, see 1^st (sih:: ), 4^th (yeah ::: ), 7^th (me:: ), 10^th (oh::: ), 12^nd (yeah:::, you:: ), 14^th (o::: ), 17^th (okay:: ), and 24^th (yeah::: ).

j.        There are five non verbal action (non verbal sound) in their dialog, see the dialog between 4^th and 5^th (there is sound of rooster), then the dialog between 15^th and 16^th (the walking sound), after that the dialog between 16^th and 17^th (the voice of rooster), then the dialog between 20^th and 21^st (the sound of hammer stroke) and the dialog between 27^th and 28^th (the voice of rooster).   

3. Structural of Conversation

            The conversation consists of question and answer. The structural can be explained as follows:

1.      Question (curiosity)

2.      Answer (response)

3.      Question (surprise)

4.      Answer (response)

5.      Question (curiosity)

6.      Answer (response)

7.      Question (asking help)

8.      Question (response)

9.      Response (reluctant)

10.  Response (offering help)

11.  Question (doubtful)

12.  Answer (confirmation)

Question (insertion sequence)

13.  Answer (request)

14.  Response (allurement)

15.  Response (acceptance)

16.  Response (command)

17.  Response (acceptance)

18.  Command (request)

19.  Response (acceptance)

20.  response (thankful)

21.  question (opinion)

22.  answer (response)

23.  question (doubtful)

24.  answer (response)

25.  answer (thankful)

26.  answer (response)

27.  question (curiosity)

28.  answer (response)

29.  question (offering help)

30.  answer (rejection)

31.  response (offering help)

32.  answer (thankful)

Closing (response)

33.  Closing (response)